Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Grammatical information from the Lexicon is fundamental to sentence Essay

Grammatical information from the Lexicon is fundamental to sentence syntax - Essay Example These assumptions might also change what is thought to be involved in lexical and phrasal processing. As we discuss below, these assumptions imply a notion of lexical processing that bears considerably more responsibility for the combinatory analysis of language. Psycholinguistics has not been alone in this focus on the lexical aspects of combinatory process. Syntactic theory has increasingly moved detailed combinatory information into the lexicon, where individual lexical items are associated directly with their syntactic combinatory options. The field of applied parsing in computational linguistics has also seen a shift toward lexicalization. Many have recognized the effectiveness of coding these syntactic options as tendencies. In doing so, statistical natural language processing systems have begun to be able to recover the grammatical structure of novel sentences with astonishing accuracy. These movements in linguistics and computational linguistics touch on many of the same issues that have given rise to the development of constraint based lexicalist theories of parsing in psycholinguistics. ... Some of the best support for this view has come from on-line studies of reading, which have shown that the sub categorization and thematic role tendencies of individual verbs can guide the resolution of local syntactic ambiguity. For instance, Garnsey examined readers' abilities to resolve temporary syntactic ambiguities involving classic direct object/sentence complement ambiguity. The use of lexical priming techniques in psycholinguistics has arguably been a highly effective tool for studying both the content of lexical representations and the time course with which such information is activated. For example, priming has been used to map the time course of activation of phonological and orthographic information during word recognition as well as the activation of the alternative meanings of ambiguous words. In most cases, however, the tasks used in these studies to measure participants reaction to target words are unlikely to be influenced by any hypothesized co activation of sub categorization or thematic role information, because such information is typically not relevant to successful execution of these tasks. Moreover, tasks that are sensitive to this sort of information, such as collection of reading times on individual words during sentence comprehension, have not been amenable to lexical priming techniques because the introduction of consciously perceiv ed prime word, mid sentence, would catastrophically disrupt the ongoing comprehension of the sentence as a whole. In the early 1990's, however, Rayner and colleagues introduced a covert lexical intervention technique, dubbed fast priming, which allowed for the study of lexical priming

Monday, October 28, 2019

PHP vs. ASP Scripting Software Research Paper Essay Example for Free

PHP vs. ASP Scripting Software Research Paper Essay ABSTRACT This paper examines the differences between the ASP (Active Server Pages) and PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) scripting languages. Both ASP and PHP are scripting languages that can be used to create dynamic web pages which are capable of interacting and exchanging information with databases. ASP is a Microsoft product, and is used with Internet Information Server (IIS) which runs on Microsoft Servers. PHP was originally designed by Rasmus Lerdorf, and was later modified by various people. As a parsing language, PHP can run both on Unix and Linux servers, and also has a version that runs on an NT server. This paper also discusses the differences in cost, speed, integration of features, speed, additional costs, base language, database connectivity and Platform Compatibility between both languages. This paper also presents some suggestions offer recommendations as to when one of these languages should be preferred over the other, and how efficiency can be maximized in the usage of each of these scripting languages Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ASP and PHP are both website design scripting languages that are processed by backend severs like Apache Server and Windows OS. Apache Server is usually used for PHP and a Windows OS with IIS Server is used to process ASP scripted websites. PHP processed website scripts can also be processed by UNIX OS backend servers, while Window OS IIS backend servers are used to process ASP scripts. ASP.NET is part of the .NET Framework and is the core technology for developing web applications and XML Web Services. ASP.NET is a compiled, .NET-based environment; you can author applications in any .NET compatible language, including Visual Basic .NET, C#, and JScript .NET. Additionally, the entire .NET Framework is available to any ASP.NET application. Developers can easily access the benefits of these technologies, which include the managed common language runtime environment, type safety, inheritance, and so on. .NET developers write Web Parts using Visual Studio.NET 2003. The Web Part Framework is the basis for extensibility in Windows SharePoint Services. It allows developers to write custom components that plug into the SharePoint infrastructure by encapsulating web services and enterprise data as Web Parts. Web Part Pages are special ASP.NET pages which are the building blocks of a Windows SharePoint Services based data driven web site. Web page authors can use Microsoft FrontPage 2003 to leverage Windows SharePoint Services and use the Web Part Framework to easily build data driven web sites using a library of readily available web parts. Microsoft FrontPage 2003 integrates closely with Windows SharePoint Services and is the easiest and the most powerful web site design tool that enables creation of a new category of collaborative, scalable, data driven web sites. (http://www.sharepointcustomization.com/resources/whitepapers/webpartdocs/wp_asp_net.doc)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   PHP and ASP are the two best web technologies in use today. In their own ways, they have created trust and market for their product and development environment, although many people are of the opinion that PHP is an all around better choice than ASP.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to Anstey, â€Å"PHP belongs to a free software community and open source general purpose software which is very easy to use and correct its bugs from the community of developers around the world.† (Anstey 2003). ASP runs on an IIS server and is a free component with the Microsoft windows operating system. ASP offers various useful features like type safety, inheritance, and a managed common language runtime environment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In a broad sense, PHP is scripting Language, while ASP.NET is a Designing Tool. Also, PHP contains mainly scripting tabs, with a minimum number of controls being used, while ASP.Net has a lot of controls to the designing process.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ASP.NET is a unified Web development platform that provides services necessary for developers to build enterprise-class Web applications. ASP.NET provides programming model and infrastructure for more secure, scalable, and stable applications. ASP.NET is a compiled, .NET based web environment developed in .NET compatible languages like Visual Basic .NET, C#, JScript.NET, etc. Additionally, the entire .NET Framework is available to any ASP.NET application. Developers can easily access the benefits of this technology, which includes the managed common language runtime environment, type safety, and inheritance.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   From many views and perspectives, PHP is an overall better choice than ASP. Although both ASP and PHP are languages used to build Dynamic Web sites that can interact with Databases and exchange information. ASP (Active Server Pages) is from Microsoft and is used with IIS (Internet Information Server) that runs on Microsoft Servers. PHP (PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) is from Rasmus Lerdorf, who originally designed this parsing language which was later modified by different people. It runs on Unix and Linux servers and it also has an NT server version. (Pires, Halstatt 2005. ASP vs. PHP. Retrieved 18, February 2008 from http://www.webpronews.com/expertarticles/2005/12/22/asp-vs-php)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The foundation of all Web applications is that they deliver dynamic content over a protocol which by model is stateless. Most of the ASP.NET developments fall in client-server architecture programming model. Minimal points to be considered for a typical web application modeled as client-server architecture are given below. User interface and client environment (Page layout). Data verification, transfer and store. Security. Scalability, reliability and availability of the application. Optimized resource utilization and performance. Handling unpleasant instances gracefully. Navigation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   PHP traces back to the development of Perl and C which emerged quite successfully as a result of the contribution of the various programmers around the globe and as a result of its being an open community. The various versions came out successfully through 1997 to 2004 where the features were added and successfully taken up to cater to the development paradigm of the large scale of internet users.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ASP came handy with Windows 95 with the features of IIS server installed. It was an established standard which takes into account the various databases into consideration and is based on the COM model. The various differences among PHP and ASP make sure that all to a good extent the feature are compiled and carries enough advantage to understand the loopholes and make sure that all the various utilities are enforced well. Differences between PHP and ASP   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   PHP and ASP depict a large array of differences in the form of various factors. Some differences between ASP and PHP include differences in cost, speed, integration of features, speed, additional costs, base language, database connectivity and Platform Compatibility. Cost   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As PHP is not singly owned by any individual or an organization, it does not require purchase before use. â€Å"PHP uses a database technology named MySQL for back-end support. MySQL is also available free of cost.† (DuBois, 2002). The hosting and deployment of PHP webpages into the Linux server is quite affordable and can be done with ease.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"ASP is synchronized with the Microsoft Windows operating system and comes along with it, thereby bearing the cost of the operating system.† (Glass 2004) Moreover, hosting ASP pages over the internet is expensive and features like email, file uploading and other features are quite expensive at the same time. PHP is free, but ASP is not free. If you want to use ASP, you have to use IIS, and if you want to use IIS, you have to buy Windows. Traditionally, the cost of Windows has been high. Microsoft has been aggressively trying to reduce this factor but theyre hardly going to give Windows away for free. The cost of running an ASP-based website implies a full Windows server platform; development costs are higher, software licenses are expensive and speed, security and flexibility are all sacrificed. (Anstey, M 2003)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     To run ASP programs, one needs IIS installed on a Windows platform server, which is not free. PHP programs can run on Linux, which is free. Even the connectivity of the database is expensive in the case of ASP as MS-SQL is a Microsoft product that needs to be purchased. PHP generally uses MySQL, which is freely available.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Many of the tools used in PHP are free of charge and a lot of PHP code can be found in open source forums, because PHP is open source. â€Å"PHP also has inbuilt features like ftp, email from a web page and even encryption mechanisms but such features are not built into ASP, which requires some additional components. Therefore additional costs might be incurred for such components.† (Pires, Halstatt 2005. ASP vs. PHP. Retrieved 18, February 2008 from http://www.webpronews.com/expertarticles/2005/12/22/asp-vs-php) Speed   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In terms of speed, PHP is faster than ASP, because when the speed of PHP and ASP are compared, PHP would have the upper hand. â€Å"This is due to the fact that PHP code runs faster than ASP. Also, ASP is built on COM based architecture, which is an overhead for the server, whereas PHP code runs in its own memory space.† (Pires, Halstatt 2005. ASP vs. PHP. Retrieved 18, February 2008 from http://www.webpronews.com/expertarticles/2005/12/22/asp-vs-php) Integration with operating environments and databases   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   PHP makes sure that all the operating environments are taken care to its fullest capability and is compatible with Windows, UNIX, Linux, Solaris and others. Its platform dependency format makes sure that all the various compatibility with operating environments makes it quite viable in nature. PHP integrates with the databases like MySQL and others in a great fashion. â€Å"ASP on the other hand is compatible with Windows only and makes sure that Microsoft oriented databases like MSSQL server would be well integrated with it. For other database platforms it requires to download various libraries and components for integration and workability.† (Hull, 2002) Performance   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   PHP is an interpreted language and make sure that the interpreted nature makes it fast for getting the customization done. The memory requirement of the PHP pages is quite optimizable and runs very fast with the greater understanding of the various features. Database connections of PHP are also quite flexible and make sure that all the various database functionality like stability, transactions, replication, triggers and stored procedures are handled quite well (Merrall, 2000).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ASP on the other hand is a compiled language and the software glitches are quite often not corrected or take a long time to get it done. The compiled nature makes sure that all the various factors like throughput and response time is quite low for the hosted pages. Its exclusivity with Microsoft windows operating system makes it platform independent with regard to various hosting and access problems. PHP offers the best integration of speed and performance, and ensures that all the various promises are met for catering to the web development. ASP is most suitable with the Microsoft platform and makes sure that all the features are captured and managed for the various services. (Zhang, 1999). Base Language   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ASP has a type of syntax that resembles Visual Basic, and is closely related to Microsoft products. In contrast, PHP is based on the C++ language, and the syntax used for PHP looks a lot like C/C++ programming syntax. â€Å"C/C++ is still considered the best programming language by many programmers and people who love this language would surely feel more comfortable with the syntax of PHP.† (Pires, Halstatt 2005. ASP vs. PHP. Retrieved 18, February 2008 from http://www.webpronews.com/expertarticles/2005/12/22/asp-vs-php) Enhanced capabilities and compatibility   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   These include file transfer programs and utilities, compression of data, uploading of files, integration of XML an MD5, encryption techniques and email facilities are not included in ASP, even if it does it requires the support of large third party packages installed, which are very easily integrated in PHP. PHP.net (2008) mentions that complex functions like dynamic images, IMAP, SNMP, dynamic flash, PDF, native access to Oracle, Ovrimos, Postgre, Sybase, mSql, MSSQL, Ingres, Interbase and Informix databases, LDAP, and sockets and many others are easily integrated with PHP, â€Å"however it would create a big problem with its integration with ASP. PHP is compatible with various web servers for its functioning however ASP requires it to be easily integrated with only IIS and PWS† as explained by Pires (2005).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   PHP programs can run on various platforms like Linux, Unix, Windows and Solaris whereas ASP is mainly associated with Windows platforms. However, ASP can run on a Linux platform with ASP-Apache installed on the server. PHP is based on C++ language and the syntax used in PHP is quite similar to C/C++. C/C++ is still considered the best programming language by many programmers and people who love this language would surely feel more comfortable with the syntax of PHP. ASP on the other hand has a more Visual Basic kind of syntax that again is closely related to only Microsoft products. So, it depends on the individual, and which language he or she is comfortable with.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   For Database connectivity, PHP is being extremely flexible, and can connect to various databases, the most popular being MySQL. ASP mainly uses MS-SQL for databases. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Although both ASP and PHP are good web server end languages for web development, there are some differences between them that should be considered to ensure that factors like cost, installation, performance, and compatibility issues are economized to the full extent. Both languages have advantages specific to various users. Some would argue that both languages have their own importance, and usage of either ASP or PHP depends on the users requirements, the language and the platform in use. â€Å"If a user is looking for some e-commerce application development then ASP is probably the ideal choice. This does not mean that PHP cannot provide e-commerce solutions, but a lot of people tend to choose ASP in such instances.† (Pires, Halstatt 2005). If we talk about developing a discussion board then ASP is equally capable but some people feel that the best discussion boards are developed using PHP.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   While PHP offers the best integration of speed and performance, and ensures that most web development requirements are met, ASP is most suitable with the Microsoft platform, and enables features to be captured and managed for various services. References Anstey, Marty (2003). PHP vs ASP. Retrieved 19, February 2008 from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://marty.anstey.ca/programming/php/articles/ An Architectural Introduction to Web Parts and ASP.NET A Microsoft ® Office FrontPage ®   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2003 White Paper. (Retreived from   Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.sharepointcustomization.com/resources/whitepapers/webpartdocs/wp_asp_net.doc Argence d Ricardo (2008). Web Hosting, PHP vs AS.P. Retrieved 18, February 2008 from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://articles.topofhosting.com/web-hosting-php-asp.php DuBois, Paul (2002). MySQL Cookbook. OReilly, October 2002. Glass, Michael (2004). Beginning PHP, Apache, Hull, Sean (2002). PHP vs. ASP.NET Redux. Retrieved 18, February 2008 from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.oracle.com/technology/pub/columns/hull_php2.html Merrall, Graeme (2000). PHP/MySQL Tutorial MySQL ® Web Development. Wiley Publicizing sons. ISBN: 0-7645-5744-0. PHP.net (2008). See: http://www.php.net/manual/en Pires, Halstatt (2005). ASP vs. PHP. Retrieved 18, February 2008 from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.webpronews.com/expertarticles/2005/12/22/asp-vs-php Zhang, Ying (1999). Web Database Step-by-Step Guide.

Saturday, October 26, 2019

Somewhere to call home :: essays research papers fc

Somewhere to call home The Middle of Somewhere stresses the important facts of racism and equal rights among human beings. This interesting and compelling story is about an African family who fought the government for what they believed was right. In the times of segregation, the white people pushed around the blacks. It was the few blacks that chose to stand up for themselves and fight back for what they believed in. â€Å"The middle of somewhere†. If spoken aloud, it makes you think. This must be a place where you call home. Somewhere where you feel safe and where everything around you is comfortable. In the novel, Rebecca and her family always talk about Pofadderkloof. Pofadderkloof is the place where the whites want to move all the black people of the village in order to replace the area with a white suburb. They tell the black people that in Pofadderkloof the houses will be larger and will have a running tap. Also, they will have two bedrooms and a stove. Rebecca’s family was the only family to know that they were telling all lies just to get them to move. When Rebecca’s best friend, Noni and her family move to Pofadderkloof, she is hurt to the point of crying everyday. When a member of Noni’s family actually notices that everything that was told to them were all lies, she goes back to the village on foot for about two days to tell everyone. She refers to Pofadderkloof as â€Å"the middle of nowhere†, because of the one-bedroom houses and miles of dry plain with no markets or available jobs. Pretty soon, the whole village comes together and forms a c ommittee to help each other for what is right. They don’t want to go to the middle of nowhere. There want to stay home in the village, in the middle of somewhere. In the middle of somewhere is home; that’s where everything feels right. The village was the home to many, but it was a key part in Rebecca’s family’s life. To Rebecca, home was everything to her. She loved going home after school to play hopscotch, or jumping rope in front of her house with her friends near the beautiful jacaranda tree. When she heard that bulldozers were coming to tear her house down, she was terrified. She couldn’t sleep at night. It was all she could think about.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Essay --

Definition: Surfactant flooding is injection of one or more liquid chemicals and surfactants. The phase behaviour properties in the oil reservoir is effectively controlled by the surfactant, which then help to mobilize the trapped crude oil by reducing interfacial tension (IFT) between the injected liquid and the oil. So for the oil to move through the narrow capillary pores a very low oil or water IFT is needed. Surfactant flooding also increases the economic productivity. In order to improve the properties of the surfactant solution, co-surfactants are being mixed up into the liquid surfactant solution. This co-surfactant actually acts as a promoter or as an active agent in the mixed surfactant solution. This is to provide optimal conditions with respect to temperature, pressure and salinity. Reservoir has a certain physical characteristic, thus due to this characteristics e.g. adsorption; the binding of molecules to the rock and trapping of the fluid in the pore structure, considerable losses of the surfactant may occur. The stability of the surfactant system at reservoir cond...

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Marriage Essay Introduction Essay

According to people, a family should consist of parents and children living together. This does not only apply to children from a common ancestor but also those who are adopted. Since 1960 there have been a lot of changes that has affected the real legal power of the family. There has been self-definition due to bilateral-income in marriages. It has led to divorce and children being raised by a single parent-family that makes them encounter emotional disruption and lack of family care. Women have become financial independent leading to tension in marriages (Wilcox, 2009). The introduction of the new law of non-fault divorce by American nation has eliminated the need for couples to identify their wrongs in marriages (Wilcox, 2009). It has gutted marriage its power to bind a husband and wife. All of these changes have led to a high rate of divorce. Currently, the statics of marriages have decreased with the current studies showing that in 1960s more than 68% of adults aged 23 years wer e married while today less than 23% of the same age are not married (Pewsocialtrends.org, 2010). The marriage has also shifted from heterosexual to same-sex marriage in most American societies. Due to this there has been divorce and immigration of people because one feels can access that marriage there. It has also contributed to Children being raised by foster parents because their biological parents are gay. In a situation of divorce, both parents are given opportunity to fight for the custody of their children in America. To solve all this, the government advocates are making arguments to stop divorce (Cheryl 2011).They encourage troubled couples to try work out things first since filing for divorce is expensive. The government is also coming up with laws that ensure divorce balances or the parties in the marriage.

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

The Night she ran away

The Night she ran away Free Online Research Papers I wish I could say she talked me into it, or even that helping her was her idea. But for some reason, this time, I decided that helping her runaway would be fun. Dee and I had been best friends since we met in sixth grade. We helped each other through the roughest times of our teenage years, and we were partners in crime. It was a beautiful night-cool breeze, clear sky and I was feeling happy and free. We were driving around in my blue eighty-seven Ford LTD. Which I didnt care that it was just as old as I, or that a battery powered boom box had its place in between us on the seat. I picked Dee up from work around ten oclock and we planned our night out. She was supposed to be home by ten thirty, but whats the worst her mom would do? Dee didnt plan on ever going back anyway. I on the other hand, had told my dad I was staying at a friends house around the block, although I planned on sneaking into my room later on that night. We knew a guy who did piercings out of his house in a part of town that we referred to as the hood, and Dee wanted her eyebrow pierced. We saw no problem with this; who else would pierce a fifteen year olds eyebrow without parental consent in the middle of the night? When we arrived, the house was poorly lit and smelled like dust. There was an old couch with a tacky pattern of flowers in one corner and a computer desk with a kitchen chair in front of it in another. Then there was a cart Dee sat in front of to get pierced. I sat on the corner of the couch closest to the door, while Dee waited to get pierced. As he was cleaning and preparing, we were listening to the scanner in the background. The broadcast that came over the scanner said they were looking for two female runaways age fifteen, driving a blue Ford LTD. We denied that they were talking about us. Dee got her eyebrow pierced, threw up from the blood and we got out of there. While we were enjoying our freedom, little did we know that Dee’s mom realized she never came home, so she called my dad to see if she was with me. My dad called my alleged location and I wasn‘t there. Because Dee had already threatened to run away, the cops were called. They thought we were running away together. Now my gas tank was on empty and I had to get Dee where she was going so I could get home. We stopped at the gas station with only three dollars and headed out of town. Our destination was about thirty minutes away, except ten miles down the highway the three dollars in gas was gone. It wasn’t a busy highway, there was one house around but we got no answer. We decided to flag down the next car we saw to hitch a ride. As soon as I saw the flashing lights, I knew I had made a mistake. At first I panicked and turned to run. After weighing the options, I decided I probably wouldnt get far. The police officer asked our names and immediately knew who we were. He put us in his SUV, me in the back sitting next to his not so cute dog, and Dee in the front. With my palms sweating, my stomach in knots, and my heart pounding, I watched him search my vehicle and waited for the dreaded ride to wherever he was taking us. As he pulled in my driveway, I was slightly relieved yet still scared to face my dad. I walked up the porch stairs with the police officer, my dad waiting for us at the front door. I was crying and waiting to get a scolding. So you can imagine I was surprised as he grinned and said, Welcome home, kiddo, as if he was making fun of me. And then I got grounded for lying about where I was that night. The next night Dee tried to run away again and got locked up in the juvenile detention center. I dont regret the experience because I learned a valuable lesson. No matter how much freedom I had, it was a privilege, and I had to earn it to keep it. Research Papers on The Night she ran awayThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationThe Hockey GameNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NicePersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyStandardized TestingUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayThe Spring and AutumnCapital Punishment

Monday, October 21, 2019

Free Essays on Ritual

When ritual is spoken of in Western society, images of cute, charming and sometimes dangerous activities of ‘native’ societies tend to be conjured up into the mind. Television seems to be full of ceremonies which, at best, tend to be thought of as quaint, at worst, acted out for the tourist industry. Religious belief is on the decline in Western society and this also contributes to the general outlook on rituals and rites. Western industrial society has idolised ideals, rationality and a limited type of practicality and all too often regards the conscious ritual of other cultures as a frivolous curiosity (LaChapelle, 1984:1-6). We have forgotten much in the last 300 hundred years that we should remember the fact that Western society not only had, but still has, rituals and rites of passage. In this essay I will point out that whether we accept it or not, ritual is an essential part of the life course, even though the act of performing and perceiving ritual may be unconscious. Ritual can often be viewed as habit or regularities (Cohen & Taylor, 1998:46-65). The daily process of getting out of bed, washing, brushing teeth and going to work or school is an unconscious ritual that millions of humankind goes through. These microsocial rituals, or regularities, may well appear never ending and spread their way throughout life’s course. Members of any given society may well try to break away from these rituals, but more often than not the ‘escape’ is only temporary. To ‘get away from it all’ may well lead to other types of unconscious ritual. Victor Turner (1974:298) has argued that the dialectical relationship of ritual and social structure facilitates creative responses to the negative aspects of daily social structure, and that these responses include alienation, divisiveness and exploitation. Ritual can undermine social structure in that humankind can find instructions in it as to fundamental organising principles an... Free Essays on Ritual Free Essays on Ritual When ritual is spoken of in Western society, images of cute, charming and sometimes dangerous activities of ‘native’ societies tend to be conjured up into the mind. Television seems to be full of ceremonies which, at best, tend to be thought of as quaint, at worst, acted out for the tourist industry. Religious belief is on the decline in Western society and this also contributes to the general outlook on rituals and rites. Western industrial society has idolised ideals, rationality and a limited type of practicality and all too often regards the conscious ritual of other cultures as a frivolous curiosity (LaChapelle, 1984:1-6). We have forgotten much in the last 300 hundred years that we should remember the fact that Western society not only had, but still has, rituals and rites of passage. In this essay I will point out that whether we accept it or not, ritual is an essential part of the life course, even though the act of performing and perceiving ritual may be unconscious. Ritual can often be viewed as habit or regularities (Cohen & Taylor, 1998:46-65). The daily process of getting out of bed, washing, brushing teeth and going to work or school is an unconscious ritual that millions of humankind goes through. These microsocial rituals, or regularities, may well appear never ending and spread their way throughout life’s course. Members of any given society may well try to break away from these rituals, but more often than not the ‘escape’ is only temporary. To ‘get away from it all’ may well lead to other types of unconscious ritual. Victor Turner (1974:298) has argued that the dialectical relationship of ritual and social structure facilitates creative responses to the negative aspects of daily social structure, and that these responses include alienation, divisiveness and exploitation. Ritual can undermine social structure in that humankind can find instructions in it as to fundamental organising principles an...

Sunday, October 20, 2019

Case Study Reviews

Case Study Reviews Free Online Research Papers This paper will consist of three different case studies. Case study 1: Florida Company Fastens Its Sights on Global Growth will take you into the medical world of business. In this case study I will discuss the company’s employee selection in the hiring process, decide what strategies would keep the organization from downsizing, and evaluate the role that HR plays when maintaining healthy relationships. In Case study 2: Nike: Hiring Gets Off On The Right Foot, I will take you into the retail world of athletic shoes. I will discuss the five steps involved in the hiring process for Nike, explain how Nike followed good HRM practices in the recruitment and hiring of employees, explain the purpose and value of testing potential candidates, and summarize if the hiring practices of Nike violate any EEO laws or industry standard employment practices. Case Study 3: Pay Decisions At Performance Sports brings you into the equipment manufacturer environment. Here, I will examine factors to consider regarding different methods of structuring wages and compensations, analyze the rewards of a pay-for-performance compensation package for the new purchasing agent position versus a traditional hourly wage, examine issues regarding equal pay and discuss the personal benefits and steps involved in a high performance work system. I will then give a conclusion for all three case studies and provide you with a reference page to get more information. Case Study 1 Robert Kilbey founded Professional Products Inc. in the early 1960s. Since founding Professional Products his son, Bryan Kilbey is expanding the company internationally. The expansion will include a new 100,000 sq. ft. building, and a new sales office for the European market. This job requires highly skilled workers so they will cross-train employees for other jobs if some of their jobs move to Mexico or other countries. They will benefit from keeping a level head when determining if they need more employees for this expansion. The company also wants to be able to fill orders in 4  ½ hours from order to shipping. They will master this by having new technology to use as streamline production. They have an upper hand because they make their own elastic, thread, and rubber. To avoid downsizing, the company plans to work shorter weeks if need be. They have never laid off employees which say a lot considering that the company doesn’t have much inventory. The reason for this is be cause doctors request specific equipment that they would like to work in a certain way. There are major costs that go into downsizing, like severance and rehiring costs, pension and benefits payout, etc. This may be the reason Professional Products don’t plan to downsize. When planning to go international, there are more costs involved that require great attention. The main focus will be on the research, strategies, and planning so that Professional Products achieves their goals. Professional Products faces economic, political, and cultural factors when doing business internationally. They need to consider their cost before acting on their plan. They also need to consider the beliefs and practices of other countries concerning expatriates. Some countries believe that you shouldn’t work on Sunday, or have a certain dress code that you have to adhere to. There is also a language barrier that needs to be accustomed to. Training is the main factor in working internationall y, because you have to be willing to train employees of other countries and train expatriates to be bilingual. When changes come up, HR managers play a major role in maintaining healthy relationships with employees. HR managers need to be able to communicate effectively and be ready to provide a calm atmosphere for employees. The issues companies face are influenced by how they organize their international operations. They also need to be able to negotiate and work with employees when changes have to be made. Healthy company relationships will help companies achieve their goals faster and help them avoid losses in the company. Case Study 2 Nike is the world’s largest shoe manufacturer which uses computer assisted interviewing. Nike utilizes structured and unstructured interviews. I believe this is what gives them an edge on hiring the best suitable candidate for the job. These interviews have their advantages and disadvantages. Nike uses a situational interview which helps them to see how applicants handle situations that may arrive on the job and non-directive interviews to get to meet the person behind the application and get a feel of the applicant. In the hiring process, Nike first has applicants to answer eight questions over the telephone. They weed out applicants who are not available or lack retail experience. After the telephone interview, the company provides potential candidates with a computer assisted interview which is done in batches. The importance of this interview is to identify candidates who have the experience needed for the job and show their love for sports. The computer assisted interview includes a video that shows three scenarios for helping a customer; the applicant must choose the best one. The interview is given every forty-five minutes to a group of applicants. The results from this interview are printed out so that interviewers can prepare for the face-to-face interview. Nike provides applicants with behavioral based interviews to see how they will react to certain situations. This shows the interviewer what type of person will be working for them. They don’t want a person that is a hot-head or causes problems which take away from production. The results can also hinder an applicant from getting a position for this company. After the computer assisted interview, applicants must fill out an application form online. Some applicants are given a short interview, while others are given a longer interview. In which, some applicants are hired the same day, where as others have to come back for a second interview. This is because the results of the computer a ssisted interview shows areas that need further evaluation and areas that indicate strengths. These practices raise a red flag when dealing with EEO. Some may say that these practices are unfair and unethical, but Nike has managed to save $2.4 million during a three year period by reducing their turnover drastically. They have benefited from these interviews by staffing up fast. The EEO ensures that work environments are free from unlawful discrimination and harassment. It provides employees with equal opportunities for jobs, training, and development. Nike, I feel, has been violating this law. They discriminate on applicants by showing favoritism and some form of discrimination. All of their applicants aren’t treated the same. My question is â€Å"Why do some get hired the same day while others have to have a second interview? They don’t even give you a chance to work for their company if you don’t have experience, which means that the opportunity is not equal . Some may argue that they are not in violation with EEO laws because they are not discriminating on race, gender, or personal liking and dislikes. This is true, but is it fair to hire only people that fit specific criteria? Nike hired a solutions provider to respond and track applicants. Each potential applicant is responded to with a letter. All applicants are responded to in a timely manner via email. This really helps Nike to stand out and shows good HRM practices. Case Study 3 Performance Sports began February, 1998. Their marketing plan insisted fast delivery, problem-free customer service, and major discount pricing. The company’s eight customer service reps earn between $9.75 and $11.25 per hour. Their four shipping and receiving associates earn between $7.50 and $8.50 per hour. The company’s two clerical employees each earn $7.75 per hour. The assistant manager is paid $13.10 per hour and the general manager is paid $14.25 per hour. Performance Sports employs 16 people. If you take a close look at the wages for their employees you would probably be able to point out a company that does the same job with employees that make more money. The reason Performance Sports employees make these wages are because they are hourly-based as opposed to pay-for-performance. Two of the company’s CSR feel they aren’t making enough for the job that they do. They both bring in large amounts of sales revenue for the company and are not pleased w ith their wages. So, Perkins is looking into this matter and making it first priority. She is now moving toward expanding the mail-order catalog to include a complete line of tennis equipment. This will help her to better compete and bring in more sales revenue. Perkins is also looking to hire a purchasing agent to handle the complex duties of purchasing golf equipment. She wants a person that has five to eight years experience in purchasing sports equipment. The only problem she faces with this is that she does not know how much to pay this particular person in this position. She has to be sufficient in her pay structure so that it is fair and consistent. The company has to be intact with its competition package, so she needs to really look into pay-for-performance. Pay-for-performance is a program that offers rewards for meeting certain criteria and production levels. Many companies are now turning toward this program to motivate their employees to meet demands and goals of the c ompany. In this type of program, employees pay is increased when a certain department or group meets the standards or level of production. This program encourages employees to work toward excellence and strive to meet goals. This program also helps employees to maintain a safe working environment and avoid mistakes like high volumes of scrap. Employees’ benefit the company by being team players, which helps the company, be on the same page. The pay increases are given out certain times of the year, so managers can better maintain their budgets. If the criteria are not met, the money goes back into the budget for the next pay increase. Hourly wages are set and raises are given when managers feel like giving them. You may start a job with minimum wage and have to wait 90 days before you see a raise. This really discourages employees because job requirements are constantly changing and the wage remains the same. Some hourly employees are not properly paid for the job that they do but the company reaps the benefits of the well-done job. When you have unhappy employees it will affect the performance of their work and eventually you take the risk of losses. You may lose money in the company or the reliable employee to your competition. There are internal and external factors that influence pay. They are the competition, work conditions, potential growth for the employee, and employee treatment. If the pay is right, the company would not have to worry about losing reliable, hardworking employees to their competition. The personal benefits in a high performance work system are that it increases the value by developing strategies to keep down costs, improve efficiency and provide more intriguing products for customers. High performance work systems bring employees talents together and utilize them in new projects with flexibility. It is less likely to be copied by competition, and gives you more flexibility and ease. The key component in organizing a high perfo rmance work system is communication. You have to be able to communicate with employees in order to become a group that is working toward the same goals. Everyone needs to be on the same page, in order to successfully complete the high performance work system. This can be a very difficult task when your employees feel like they are being underpaid and used up. Conclusion These case studies show different aspects of Human Resource Management and the importance of how to effectively strategize and plan goals for an organization. They also show the problems that can be faced and how to move forward in successfully bringing your company out of hardships. It is very important that you are on the same page as your employees so that the organization can grow. You have to be able to think clearly and adapt to change. The economy is constantly changing everyday so you want to be equipped and ready for anything that comes in your way. You have to keep your mind focused on bettering the organization as a whole. Human resource managers are responsible for their employees and for the organization. If you can’t run your organization properly, it will fail to your competition. Think about ways that you can bring about change and you may better yourself ethically in the process. References Bohlander, G., Snell, S. (2007). Managing Human Resources (14th ed.). Manson, OH: South-Western Fraser, M. (excerpt)â€Å"Defuniak Springs Company Fastens Its Sight on Growth† Northwest Florida(Fort Walton Beach) Daily News(via Knight-Ridder/Tribune Business News), March 7, 2005 Research Papers on Case Study ReviewsTwilight of the UAWResearch Process Part OneOpen Architechture a white paperNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesLifes What IfsThe Project Managment Office System

Saturday, October 19, 2019

Hamel and Prahalad's Concept of Core Competence Essay

Hamel and Prahalad's Concept of Core Competence - Essay Example Formerly, the diversification of the corporation would simply direct its business units towards particular end product markets and order them to become leading outlets of the business, but with the ever changing market boundaries, the targets proved to be to elusive with their sustained ‘capture’ limited. Only a few companies have been able to adapt to the ever changing dynamics and thus have been able to capture the existing markets through their inventing of new markets, their quick entry into new emerging markets and, more dramatically, in their shift in patterns on the selection of customers in the already established markets. Therefore, the critical task that various corporate management face, is the creation of an organization that is capable of infusing their different products and services with efficient and effective functional ability or improving their profiles with the creation of product and services that their customers need but have not yet envisioned (Gra nt, 2005, 182). Such a task is difficult since it ultimately requires the radical restructuring the management of these companies. This in essence means that the top management of various corporations or companies must accept and assume their role and responsibility in the decline of their companies’ competitiveness. The theory and practice of the ‘Western’ type of management is blamed on the creation of a ‘dragging effect’ on the forward movement of companies. It is thus imperative that the principles of management be changed /reformed (Grant, 2005, 182). Core competency can be described as ‘a specific factor that, through the business’ point of view, is centrally responsible for the way the business and by extension its employees perform their duties. Through its utilization, it can fulfill the following aspects: - it cannot be imitated easily by business competitors, it can be used to put leverage on a wide range of products and marke ts and its core importance is that it must contribute to the benefits experienced by the consumers. Therefore, it can take a myriad of forms including customer services, technical/subject matter knowledge and effective and efficient management of the business. It may include product enhancement, good marketing skills, efficient Human Resource Management among others (Nitschke, 2011, 23). They enable better coordination of the diverse production skills through the integration of different technologies, good communication, good interpersonal skills and an involved and deeply committed work attitude. Consequently, a core competence is achieved through the application of a specific and unique set of skills and or production techniques that will, in the end, deliver the expected value to the customer. This in turn, enables the discovery and exploitation of newer varieties of markets. As illustrated by Professor Prahalad and Hamel, core competencies usually lead to the creation or the cor e products of a business and in themselves can add many more products for their end users. These core competencies are enhanced through continued improvements by the companies over a period of time. This build up of the core competencies

Friday, October 18, 2019

Flexography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Flexography - Essay Example The reason behind the wide acceptance and adoption of this technology is that it caters to a massive market of printing packaging materials. Conventional form of printing could not suffice for such tasks effectively since the packaging materials are made in different types and sizes. The level of precision, quality and pace that can be achieved with the flexography technology cannot be matched with the old methods of printing and other competitive technologies in the modern markets. 2. Overview of Flexography Flexography is defined as a type of ‘rotary web letterpress’ that amalgamates the aspects of letterpress and rotogravure printing (â€Å"Print Process Descriptions: Printing Industry Overview: Flexography†). The material that is used for printing tends to dry faster as it is consists of a low viscosity solvent. There are three types of inks that are used in this form of printing; solvent-based, water-based and ultraviolet-cured. Each one of these inks is drie d off in different ways (â€Å"Overview of Flexographic Printing†). The inks are very thin that makes this form of printing even preferable for four color printing jobs (CMYK). Ink possesses much relevance in any printing process. Since flexography printing produces fine finish printing, the ink has several characteristics; The ink should be able to create a visual effect or color. The ink must be compatible with the material on which it is being printed. Production packaging tends to suffer different environmental conditions due to its frequent displacement, therefore the printing needs to survive the presence of chemicals, scratching and fluctuation of temperature in the surroundings. 3. Applications of Flexography Flexography is considered to be the simplest and cheapest mode of printing packaging materials. There are several applications of flexography; some of them are mentioned below (â€Å"Printers - Flexographic Printing†): Ridged containers Folding cartons Mul tiwall sacks Paper sacks and plastic bags Milk and beverage cartons Disposable cups and containers Labels Wrappers of food items The quality of the printing is commendable and irrespective of the irregular or complex shape of the object. Another form of flexography printing exists that is designed to be used for publications, for example newspapers, comics, booklets, promotional catalogues etc. Food and candy wrappers are usually required to be printed with bright colors; flexography achieves this with factor with ease. Organizations tend to prefer this technology due to the lowering of the cost of the packaging which is coupled with competitive results. 4. Relevance of Flexography in the Graphic Information Technology Industry Flexography technology has improved to a great extent over the years due to which it has brought about greater level of precision, efficiency and quality in the graphic information technology industry (Polischuk). The improvement of this technology from satis factory image definition and effective management of shorter runs of printing to excellent finish over massive printing activities has given the consumer an appealing alternate in the printing industry. The monopoly of the competitor technologies (like gravure and offset technologies) has been broken by the improvement of flexography (Polischuk). The designs that were traditionally considered to be impossible without the usage of gravure and offset technologies, have been proven to be achieved by flexography printing. Flexography is able to cater to the innovative design features of the modern age, as well as the contemporary one with details and precision. The processes and quality of flexography printing is able to meet the rapidly changing requirements of the modern markets since there is increasing demand of better quality and endeavors to

Authentication Methods and Techniques Research Paper

Authentication Methods and Techniques - Research Paper Example In the simplest form of authentication, a person was authenticated by merely his/her physical appearance and voice as the authenticating party knew the person by face. As the person’s social circle increased, the need to be authenticated arose in environments where the person was unknown to the authenticating party. So the authentication method evolved and pictures were used in the authentication documents (such as passports, etc.). With time, the personal records and private information of a person increased not only in amount (as it became a requirement in schools, universities, offices, banks, airports, hospitals, ) but also in value (credit cards, debit cards, etc.). Means of authentication evolved significantly thereafter as with the availability of this information on public or private networks (e-banking, e-health, e-ticketing, e-commerce), the access points to this information also increased tremendously (on a public network the information is accessible to millions of Internet users all over the world). It was necessary that only the authorized personnel could access the information and so the authentication techniques relevant to the scenario and information worth would have to be brewed up. As the authentication methods progressed, so did the attacks aimed at stealing the private information (Mallow, n.d.). When an authentication method was compromised, an alternative strategy would be looked into for adapting to. This paper gives an overview of the various authentication methods that have been proposed in various applications and literature and have successfully been used for allowing controlled access to private information. The paper also discusses the vulnerability issues associated with each authentication method and assesses it against some important assessment factors. The paper also discusses how to decide the best authentication strategy while living amidst the sophisticated hackers’ realm. 2. Authentication Techniques and Meth ods As mentioned earlier, authentication involves providing a proof to the authority of one’s identity. The various authentication techniques can be listed down into three broad categories; proof by knowledge techniques, proof by property techniques and proof by possession techniques (Jensen, 2003; Cranor & Garfinkel 2005). All authentication methods can be placed into one of these three techniques. The available authentication techniques and methods can be assessed keeping into consideration the major factors of cost, ease of installation, level of authentication and the usability. In this section the various authentication methods alongside their assessment based on these factors is discussed. A. Authentication by Knowledge This category of authentication is based on the fact that only the actual person himself can know some particular information. Examples include text based passwords or Personal Identification Number (PIN) and the response challenges. a. Passwords / PINs Benefits: This type of authentication is the least expensive of all methods as no specific software or hardware is required to set it up. Furthermore, the method is so easy that the users can easily set up or even change the passwords

Thursday, October 17, 2019

Study need and rationale, research questions and rationale, testable Essay

Study need and rationale, research questions and rationale, testable hypothesis or hypotheses annotated bibliography - Essay Example 41, 6755-6786. Habib CHaudhury, Atiya Mahmood, and Maria Valente are all Professors at reputed Universities. This research studies the effect of environmental design on reducing nursing errors and increasing efficiency in acute care settings. They concluded in their study that variables such as, noise levels, ergonomics, lighting, and design can increase errors at work place. This study is relevant to the current research as the current research also focuses on the efficiency of employees at a hospital and the effect of variable i.e. music, on their productivity. 3. Furnham, A. & Strbac, L. (2002). Music is as distracting as noise: The differential distraction of background music and noise on the cognitive test performance of introverts and extraverts. Ergonomics. 45, 203-217. Furnham and Strbac are Professors at the Department of Psychology, University College London. They conducted the research to study the effects of background noise on the performance of individuals who were both introverts and extraverts and found that the noise has a negative impact on their performance and concluded that music has different impact on people with different personalities. This study is similar to the current research as it also studies the impact of music on the performance of employees at a hospital. Dr. Tim Gilmor is an organizational psychologist who specializes in assessment and development of management teams. He conducted the meta-analysis of data which was conducted from five different research studies evaluating the efficacy of Tomatis Method. He concluded that affect sizes that favoured the children being studied were in compliance with the clinician’s report. This study is relevant to the present research because of its evaluation of effect of auditory sensation on learning of children with learning and communication disorders. Hallam, Price, and Katsaru conducted this research to study the effects of background music on the task performance of Primary

Government Contract Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Government Contract Law - Assignment Example With this regard, the assignment elaborates on the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR), on the change of orders as well as disputes and appeals. The present change of order has been duly analyzed regarding their compliance with the FAR policies. The judicial processes have been detailed to ensure dispute resolution and provide recommendations on the judicial management of the contract. In a government contract, there is a clause that allows the contracting officer to make independent changes in the selected areas within the scope of the legitimate contract. The clauses of the contract if altered must be following the change that is mechanized. However, there is a provision that the contractor is not obliged to continue the performance if the changes cost beyond limitations laid under the law of Limitation of Cost or Limitation of Funds Clause 32.706-2. This clause always attaches unforeseen circumstances with the contract that usually arises after the execution of the contract. The PrintMark Publication has signed a contract for creating an architectural design as well as constructing the same with the US government. However, after the contract was duly legitimized, the government implemented their change order and altered the site, where the construction was duly scheduled. This change implemented by the government has actually increased the cost involved with a c ontract of construction (Department Of Defense, 2005). With the implementation of the change order, the organizational cost for construction has gone up and the contractor i.e. PrintMark Publication has to incur a severe amount of losses if they continue with the contract. However, the organization can duly negotiate with the government about the equitable adjustment of the contract. This would ensure that the contract can be reconstructed in such a manner that the contractor is entitled to have same benefits that he would have enjoyed if the change was not encountered. The contractors must be informing the government contracting officers about the negotiation so that it can be duly implemented.

Wednesday, October 16, 2019

Study need and rationale, research questions and rationale, testable Essay

Study need and rationale, research questions and rationale, testable hypothesis or hypotheses annotated bibliography - Essay Example 41, 6755-6786. Habib CHaudhury, Atiya Mahmood, and Maria Valente are all Professors at reputed Universities. This research studies the effect of environmental design on reducing nursing errors and increasing efficiency in acute care settings. They concluded in their study that variables such as, noise levels, ergonomics, lighting, and design can increase errors at work place. This study is relevant to the current research as the current research also focuses on the efficiency of employees at a hospital and the effect of variable i.e. music, on their productivity. 3. Furnham, A. & Strbac, L. (2002). Music is as distracting as noise: The differential distraction of background music and noise on the cognitive test performance of introverts and extraverts. Ergonomics. 45, 203-217. Furnham and Strbac are Professors at the Department of Psychology, University College London. They conducted the research to study the effects of background noise on the performance of individuals who were both introverts and extraverts and found that the noise has a negative impact on their performance and concluded that music has different impact on people with different personalities. This study is similar to the current research as it also studies the impact of music on the performance of employees at a hospital. Dr. Tim Gilmor is an organizational psychologist who specializes in assessment and development of management teams. He conducted the meta-analysis of data which was conducted from five different research studies evaluating the efficacy of Tomatis Method. He concluded that affect sizes that favoured the children being studied were in compliance with the clinician’s report. This study is relevant to the present research because of its evaluation of effect of auditory sensation on learning of children with learning and communication disorders. Hallam, Price, and Katsaru conducted this research to study the effects of background music on the task performance of Primary

Tuesday, October 15, 2019

Apps Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Apps - Assignment Example These applications can be instrumental transforming the healthcare environment by facilitating various capabilities for the diagnosis of diseases as well as helping people to monitor their health and vital statistics apart from affording them an easy platform for coordinating all their healthcare related activities. The areas where mobile applications can be used in the healthcare field include, but are not limited to, diagnosis of diseases, drug reference, medical calculator, searching medical literature, clinical communication, Hospital Information System for patients, â€Å"general healthcare applications,† learning tool for medical and nursing students, various utilities for patients etc (Mosa et al 8). Mobile apps are especially useful in the case of diseases like blood pressure as they offer the leverage to â€Å"control the inflation and deflation of a blood pressure cuff through a mobile platform† (Mobile Medical Applications 14). Evidence further suggests that personalizing the health monitoring system will â€Å"significantly improve† the possibility of early detection of cardio vascular diseases (CVDs), including blood pressure (Mena et al 4). Besides, ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) monitoring will also facilitate â€Å"accurate diagnosis† as well as easy evaluation of response to treatment (4). Mobile applications provide an appropriate platform for ABP and by using them in transportable devices such as mobile phones and PDAs etc people can effectively monitor the onslaught as well as response to the treatment of hyper tension. In order to test the above hypothesis, the researcher has focused on conducting a study on people from Florida State especially those from the cities such as Miami and Orlando. Since the treatment of blood pressure is to be undertaken over a long period, the study spanned over a term of three years from 2010 to 2013 to

Mock Trial Closings Essay Example for Free

Mock Trial Closings Essay The closing argument is the last piece of a mock trial, essentially the last time you get to sell your case to the jury. During the closing argument, you are summarizing and putting together everything the jury has already heard during the trial. You are basically clarifying everything presented in the trial from showing the relevance of a particular witness to showing how everything you’ve presented comes together to prove your case. It is one of the most important parts of mock trial, mainly because the jury listens. It is the last chance to convince the judges of your case, to show you are more skilled than your opponent, and get the perfect 10 you’re hoping for because they are the last words the jury will hear from your team. It can make your case, or break it, thus delivery is very important. Writing the Closing Theme An important part of a great closing is the theme. It will tie your case together in a pretty ribbon that will stay in the juries mind. It will be the same theme from the opening, one that runs through your entire case, and in the closing reminding the jury of your case with the catchy phrase or sentence. Structure 1)Introduction: Begin with a short introduction that catches the jury’s attention. It should remind the judges of the big picture. If it’s a murder trial, talk about how tragic it is that this person’s life was taken away. If it’s a civil trial you can speak about how the person’s rights were violated. Also be sure to introduce your theme during the introduction. 2)Burden of Proof: Explain what your burden is and what your role is in relation to it. Tell the judges exactly how you’ve met the burden or how the opposing counsel has failed to met this burden. In addition, frame the burden of proof in your favor. 3)Law: Tell the judges about each element of the charge. Explain whether or not you have proved or disproved each element, or whether it is enough to prove or disprove any one element. Then make a roadmap. Tell the judge that to prove your burden/undermine your opponents case, you are to prove x, y, and z. 4)Argument: This is the meat of your case. This is where one by one you are going to signpost and tell the judge exactly what you are talking about. Example: â€Å"Now let’s look at X†. X, Y, and Z should not be your three witnesses but parts of the law that you need to prove or disprove. Remind your judges of testimonies/evidence from the trial that adds up to show X. Do this for all points. Its important to remember it should be based around the law. Don’t go witness by witness recounting the evidence. 5)Conclusion: Sums everything up. Restate how you’ve met your burden of proof through x, y, and z. Use your theme once more to tie everything together. Ask for a verdict. Remember to be this strong, convincing and memorable.

Monday, October 14, 2019

Contradicting Theories On Choking Under Pressure Psychology Essay

Contradicting Theories On Choking Under Pressure Psychology Essay For several decades, the relationship between stress and performance gained much attention. Numerous psychological researches provided evidence for the anecdotal phenomenon that pressure negatively affects cognitive and motor control during performance. This phenomenon is known as choking under pressure, defined as performing more poorly than expected, in situations where performance pressure is at a maximum, given at ones skill level. Contradicting theories on choking under pressure A widely accepted explanation for choking under pressure in cognitive tasks is the distraction hypothesis (Wine, 1971). In accordance to distraction theories, it is proposed in high-pressure situations, the individuals attention needed to perform the task at hand is coopted by task irrelevant thoughts and worries such as worries about the situation and its consequences that leads to choking which harm their performances. (Beilock Carr, 2001; Lewis Linder, 1997; Wine, 1971). Essentially, pressure creates a dual-task environment in which situation-related concerns compete with the attention required to accomplish the task at hand. Distraction-based accounts of skill failure propose that performance pressure affects concentration from the main task that one is trying to perform to irrelevant cues. Therefore, there are insufficient working memory resources to successfully support both primary task performance and to deal with worries about the pressure situation and its consequences un der pressure which results in skill failure. Although there is evidence that pressure prompts failure by sidetracking attention away from skill performance, a contradicting class of theories has been put forth as an alternate explanation for skill failure. Baumeister (1984) proposed a self-focus theory called explicit-monitoring theory which claims the opposite that pressure could in ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡uence the performance of skilled individuals by causing them to engage explicit processes that interfere with carrying out the procedure such as increase in their self- consciousness and anxiety about performing well (Gray, 2004; Masters, 1992) which in turn leads performers to emphasize their attention on skill execution to ensure optimal result (Beilock Carr, 2001). This focus on the oneself is thought to prompt individuals to turn their focus inward on the precise processes of performance in an effort to apply more explicit monitoring and control than would be applied in a non-pressure situation. Rationale Distraction and explicit monitoring theories of choking under pressure pose very different mechanisms of skill failure. While distraction theories suggest that pressure influence performance by shifting attention and working memory resources away from it, explicit monitoring theories suggest that pressure shifts too much attention toward skill processes and procedures. However it is unclear as to whether distraction or explicit monitoring will impact performance, even though both mechanisms have tendencies to occur in certain contexts. We believe that pressure can do both in aspects of the performance environment itself. Distracting thoughts, explicit monitoring, or even both will be lead to depending on the specific elements of stress suffered in high-pressure situations as it may essentially involve multiple components; therefore, exerting multiple effects. The questions as to whether performance fail or succeed, and how this failure will occur, rest on aspects of the pressure situation and the required attention for the task being performed. Aim The aim of the experiment is to study the effect of different levels of pressure inflicted by an audience on peoples performance (word count and accuracy) in a typing task. Experimental outline This study was conducted on a total of 102 undergraduate psychology students, of which 54 were females and 48 were males. The participants ranged from 17 to 55 years of age (Mean=20.51 years; SD=6.28). The participants performed a typing task under 3 di ¬Ã¢â€š ¬erent environments which is no pressure, low pressure and high pressure in random order. The no pressure condition involves participants typing while the projector screen was turned off, so no one else in the room could see what they were typing. In the low pressure condition, the screen was turned on, so the rest of the class could see what was being typed. In the high pressure condition, the class crowded around the participant as they typed. In each condition, they are allocated a script of text which they need to replicate as much and as accurately as possible in the time allocated (45 seconds). Quality of performance is analyzed by counting the number of words typed and errors made. Hypothesis We hypothesize that pressure have a negative impact on performance. In no pressure condition, we predict that the participants would achieve the highest word count with lowest number of errors, whereas in high pressure condition, we predict that the participants would achieve the lowest word count with highest number of errors. Discussion The results showed that the number of words typed was significantly affected by pressured condition. Participants performance speed was fastest in the low pressure condition compared to the high-pressure condition. The results showed that accuracy was significantly affected by pressure condition. As for the participants accuracy, it was greater in the no-pressure condition compared to the low-pressure and the high-pressure condition. As such, the results of this study support the hypothesis proposed. These findings are consistent with the study conducted by Gray (2004) who examined how expert baseball players batted in a baseball simulator in both low-pressure and high-pressure conditions. Gray (2004) found an increase in batting errors and movement variability under high pressure, relative to low-pressure situation; suggesting that pressure negatively affects performance. As with the baseball players, we believe that our participants also experienced distracting thoughts and/or explicit monitoring under pressure which interrupted their performance. As a result, the participants experience a decrease in typing speed; hence, produced less word count and made more errors while typing. Strengths of the experiment This experiment assessed both male and female which rules out any possible gender difference. With the wide age range of 17 to 55 years of age, it also rules out age difference. Also, by manipulating the pressure environment, individuals will focus on the process of performance versus the outcome of performance, allowing us to study different aspects affecting ones performance in pressure-filled situations. Improvement to the experiment A larger sample size would have enabled us to achieve more accurate results. Significance This study enables us to better understand performance failure, and ways to prevent it; across a variety of skill types and situations, from a student taking a final exam paper to a professional athlete playing on the field. Such developed knowledge aids the improvement of training regiments and performance strategies designed to lighten these choking performances as such reducing the possibility of failure. Understanding the reason choking occurs is important for developing training methods to deal with it. Understanding skill failure and success under pressure may give a clear view on the similarities and differences in the cognitive control structures underlying a diverse set of skills. Furthermore, by uncovering the mechanisms thats leading pressure-induced failure, we can also further our understanding of how emotional and motivational factors combine with memory and attention processes to impact skill learning and performance. An understanding of how the performance environment modifies cognitive processes not only advances our understanding of the choking under pressure phenomenon explicitly but also provides an perception into related situations in which performance unintentionally falters, ranging from test anxiety to the threat of conforming to a negative stereotype. Finally, these  ¬Ã‚ ndings suggest an important avenue for future research working toward an all-embracing th eory of when performance will fail versus succeed under stressful situations.

Sunday, October 13, 2019

Assistive Technology Essay -- A Level Essays

Assistive Technology Abstract: Assistive technology is one way that individuals with learning disabilities have been able to overcome the difficulties with comprehension that they possess. This form of technology comes in many forms, ranging from low to high technology devices. These devices, some as simple as a highlighter, help to organize and keep on track the individual with a learning disability. Assistive technology has many benefits to a student and helps individuals to compensate in their studies to be able to achieve all that they can in their school career. Assistive technology is often used by individuals with a learning disability. A learning disability â€Å"describes a neurobiological disorder in which a person’s brain works or is structured differently† (Lee1). A person’s abilities can be severely affected from a learning disability. They may listen differently, talk differently, write, spell, organize, and work with school subjects in a different way. Learning disabilities also affect people’s individual and personal lives to a great extent. According to the National Institutes of Health, one in seven children has a learning disability. The disability manifests itself when the child shows difficulty in reading, writing, spelling, and conversing with others. The added time they need to process information may make them seem less intelligent then others around them, but this is not the case. Individuals with learning disabilities are just as smart as anyone else; they just need to learn in a different way . The earlier a learning disability is noticed and detected, the earlier a child may be able to learn how to deal with or compensate for it (Lee 1). This is where assistive technology comes into play. Assistive... ...g database. Pisano, Leonard. (2004). How to Support Students with Learning Disabilities. Learning Disabilities Online. 1-8. Retrieved November 2, 2004, from the LD Online database. Warger, C. (2002). Helping students with disabilities participate in standards- based mathematics curriculum. ERIC Clearinghouse on Disabilities and Gifted Education, Council for Exceptional Children. 1-5. Retrieved October 3, 2004, from ERIC Digests full-text database. Warger, C. (2002). Helping students with disabilities succeed in state and district writing assignments. ERIC Clearinghouse on Disabilities and Gifted Education, Council for Exceptional Children. 1-5. Retrieved October 3, 2004, from ERIC Digests full-text database. (2003). Assistive technology guide. Schwab Learning. (3), 5-31. Retrieved September 27, 2004 from The Charles and Helen Schwab Foundation database.

Saturday, October 12, 2019

Adapting International Accounting Standards Essay -- Accounting Inter

Companies in each country have to adapt and regulate their financial statements to certain requirements. They base and format their accounting standards on their national General Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) set by security regulators. However, in this modern globalized era, owing to too many financial differences between nations, it is increasingly difficult for entities to compare their financial records and identify trends in their financial position and performance with their competitors. As an answer to such financial chaos, harmonisation consists of formulating one universal GAAP; accountants worldwide would subsequently be able to use one single standardized practice, which would, according to Weber (1992), improve financial market information, government accountability, facilitate international transactions and minimise exchange costs. However, harmonising standards remains a disputable answer in accounting. This paper will attempt to shed some light on the current debate about the pros and cons of adopting a universal set of accounting standards. International accounting standards are discussed, set and published by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) which was formed in 2001. The International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC) was the predecessor of the IASB; its Foundation is to harmonise all worldwide GAAPs into one single set of accounting standards. According to Mogul (2003), harmonisation is defined as the constant process of ensuring that the GAAP of each country are formulated, aligned and updated to international best practices (GAAPs in other countries) with suitable modifications and fine tuning, considering each domestic condition. Harmonisation is thus wished by any financ... ... issue 7, pp. 975-992 ScienceDirect [Online]. Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science (Accessed: 03 November 2010) Mogul, S. (2003) Harmonization of Accounting Standards. Available at: http://www.icai.org/resource_file/11430p681-684.pdf (Accessed: 3 November 2010) Blake, J. and Hossain, M. (1996) Readings in International Accounting. London: Routledge. Weber, C.M. (1992) ‘Harmonization of international accounting standards’, The National Public Accountant [Online]. Available at: http://www.allbusiness.com/accounting/methods-standards/339832-1.html (Accessed: 3 November 2010) Wittington, G. (2008) ‘Harmonisation or discord? The critical role of the IASB conceptual framework review’, Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, vol. 27, issue 6, pp. 495-502 ScienceDirect [Online]. Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science (Accessed: 03 November 2010)

Friday, October 11, 2019

Foundation and history of nursing and how it affects practice Essay

In order to fully understand our heritage, nurses must learn our professional genealogy – from how the profession evolved from ‘traditional’ ministering of the sick to the professionals we are today. Our history gives us a perspective in the traditions we have as nurses and a legacy to pass on to new nurses as they enter the profession. We learn what has influenced, motivated, and affected nurses in the past so that we can use that knowledge to influence our perspective in making changes that will benefit those who enter the profession in the future. Over the years I have observed a change in how we, as nurse and the medical profession, address pain. When I started nursing, you medicated the pain. To put it simply pain was pain – you medicated to relieve the pain. There was not a qualifier by the patient as to their perception of the intensity. Follow up was subjective as you asked the patient if they felt better – we didn’t ask them to quantify the relief they perceived from the medication given. As nurses, we now have data that validates our actions in our plan of care for our patients through evidence based practice. We are not doing something â€Å"because that is the way it has always been done†. We have logic and rationality supporting our care. As a profession we have licensure within our states that includes validation of continuing education. Outside of our licensure we have specialty certificates that attests to the hard work and knowledge those nurses have to achieve their specific certificates of expertise. One things that can be observed in learning the history of nursing is that nurses, throughout history, as well as today, demonstrate a drive to not only better themselves, but to better the community around them. Nursing is far more than switching out a bedpan and passing pills. It has time honored traditions as well as modern scientific sustenance behind the care of patients. I am proud to be a professional nurse.

Thursday, October 10, 2019

Bruce Lee – the Art of Expressing the Human Body

c::: I I I –I iii compiled and edited by John Little  » I  » :::c I c. n The Bruce ~ee ~ibrarij — As revealed through the notes, letters, diaries, interviews, reading annotations, and library of Bruce Lee The 8rt of Expressing the Human Hod~ By John Little TUTTLE PUBLISHING To kyo  · Rutland , Verm ont  · Sin gapore Disclaimer: Please note that the publisher and author(s) of this instructional book are NOT RESPONSIBLE in any manner whatsoever for any injury that may result from practicing the techniques and/or following the instructions given within. Martial Arts training can be dangerous- both to you and to others- if not practiced safely. If you're in doubt as [0 how to proceed or whether your practice is safe, consult with a trained martial arts teacher before beginning. Since the physical activities described herein may be too strenuous in nature for some readers, it is also essential that a physician be consulted prior to training. All photos appearing in this hook are courtesy of the archive of Linda Lee Cadwell, the Estate of Bruce Lee, and Warner Brothers Films. First published in 1998 by Tuttle Publishing, an imprint of Periplus Editions (HK) Ltd. , with editorial offices ar 364 Innovation Drive, N orth Clarendon, Vermont 05759. Copyright  © 1998Linda Lee Cadwell All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without prior written permission from the publisher. Library of Congress Caraloging-in-Publicarion Dara Lee, Bruce, 1940-1973. The art of expressing the human body / by Bruce Lee: compiled and edited by John Lirrle p. cm. -{the Bruce Lee library: v. 4) ISBN 0-8048-3129-7 (pb) I. Bodybuilding- Training. 2. Physical Fitness. 3. Lee, Bruce. Lee, Bruce, 1940-1973. Bruce Lee library: v. 4. GV546. 5. L44 1998 6 I3. 7'I–

Wednesday, October 9, 2019

Corporate governance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Corporate governance - Essay Example The Fraud was first discovered when its budget and financial Analyst Kim Emigh blew the whistle in December of 2000 when he asked engineers in Richardson, Texas unit and elsewhere to stop charging their time for long term projects to capital expenditures (Young 2002). It was also when he told his accounting manager Frank Guckes after receiving an email to charge it to another account that it is fraud and that it is a SEC violation that he should make everybody aware of it because Kim Emigh will (Young 2002). Ten weeks later, Kim Emigh was fired which prompted him to sue WorldCom leading to a congressional and SEC inquiry which eventually led to WorldCom’s filing for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in July 21, 2002. Later, its CEO Bernard Ebbers was found guilty on March 15, 2005 and was sentenced to 25 years in prison. WorldCom’s other officials such as its CFO Scott Sullivan, former controller David Myers, former accounting director Buford Yates and former accounting managers Betty Vinson and Troy Normand all plead guilty to fraud, conspiracy and filing of false statements. II. Crisis as a pretext of WorldCom corporate governance failure The WorldCom financial scandal came about from the backdrop of several crises that put pressure on the liquidity of the company that may have triggered its shady accounting practice. Beginning in late 1990s, the telecom industry was already beginning slow down and the Argentinian bank crisis in 2001 prompted bank to adopt a conservative fiscal policy by increasing its interest rates. This has affected the dotcom companies whose rapid appreciation in the market was propelled mainly by cheap capital afforded by lower interest rates. When the dotcom bubble burst, it contributed to the slowdown of the telecoms industry of which WorldCom is a player. The increasing conservatism of banks led them to pressure WorldCom CEO Bernard Ebbers to cover margin calls of his declining WorldCom stock because it was used to financ e his other businesses. In 2001, Ebbers urged the board of WorldCom to provide him $400 to cover these margin calls whose strategy did not work. This added pressure to the finances of the company to resort to shady accounting practices to cover its deteriorating financial position and save the value of its stocks so as not to add to the margin calls it has to cover. III. Corporate government failures of WorldCom WorldCom’s problem started when its CEO Bernard Ebbers used WorldCom stocks to guarantee his loan from banks that will finance his other businesses. As a business practice, it is not ideal to juggle funds between companies because they do not only confuse the accounting of both companies but also brings other financial complications not to mention unethical such as what happened to WorldCom. When the series of crisis begun in late 1990’s which was triggered by a multitude of factors such as bank crisis, dotcom burst and Enron scandal, its stocks depreciated bec ause of industry slowdown that can be attributed to the dire macroeconomic condition during that time and the inappropriateness of juggling its funds by Bernard Ebbers was highlighted and sired many problems in the company. This also put pressure on the finances of WorldCom that instead of restructuring itself as part of good corporate governa

Tuesday, October 8, 2019

Xerox Corporation - Cause of Failure Competition Essay

Xerox Corporation - Cause of Failure Competition - Essay Example These factors increased competition enhancing the need of new technological innovations and new ways to compete. "In the 1980s, Xerox Corporation's revenue share of the copier business declined from 90 percent to 43 percent as a result of increased competition from Ricoh, Sharp, and Canon in Japan and Kodak and IBM in the United States" (Contemporary Trends in Human Resources Management, n.s.). The industry of competition can be characterized as follows: "Xerox compete in the market for service of Xerox high volume copiers" (Xerox Corporation. Creative Copier services. 2004). In general, competition theory has been developed, described and analyzed by such gurus as M. Porter, C.K. Prahalad and G. Hamel, R.M. Hodgetts, H. Mitzberg, R. D'Aveni. They describe that to be effective, competition should not always be a formal process. Studies of the planning practices of actual organizations suggest that the real value of competition may be more in the future orientation of the planning process itself than in any resulting written strategic plan. The failure Xerox Corporation proves the fact that competition is not always "a safe" way to obtain a strong market position. Michael Porter contends that a corporation is most concerned with the intensity of competition within its industry. "The collective strength of these forces," he contends, "determines the ultimate profit potential in the industry, where profit potential is measured in terms of long-run return on invested capital." (Porter, 1980). The stronger each of these forces is, the more companies are limited in their ability to raise prices and earn greater profits. According to the case study "started from year 2000, Xerox's share price had fallen below $4, from a high of $64 a year earlier. Moreover, the copying and printing giants around the world were taking chunks of its market share" (Case Study: Xerox Corporation, n.d.). This failure was caused by the fact that intense competition and management strategy aimed to overcome "temporal" decline resulted in failure. A strong market position obtained by Xerox Corporation resulted in "less concern for US competitiveness" (Kato, n.d.). Globalization and international integration presents Xerox Corporation with enticing opportunities and challenges to reconfigure itself. New horizons allowed Xerox Corporation to maximize its global sales, in the belief that those that offer a global service and have a worldwide success through regional policy will be in the strongest competitive position (Xerox Corporation, 2005). Nevertheless, Xerox Corporation paid less attention to such important issues as technological changes and innovations. In his book "Competitive Advantage" Porter identifies five forces that drive competition within an industry: 1. The threat of entry by new competitors. 2. The intensity of rivalry among existing competitors. 3. Pressure from substitute products. 4. The bargaining power of buyers. 5. The bargaining power of suppliers (Porter, 1985). It is important, that a strong force can be regarded as a threat because it is likely to reduce profits. In contrast, a weak force can be viewed as an opportunity because it may allow the company to earn greater profits. In the short run, these forces act as constraints on a company's activities. In the long run, however, it may be possible for a company, through its choice of strategy, to change the strength of one or more of the forces to the company's advantage. The company states that: "We developed a comprehensive process

Monday, October 7, 2019

Analysis of Dreams by Langston Hughes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analysis of Dreams by Langston Hughes - Essay Example Analysis of â€Å"Dreams† by Langston Hughes On closer analysis, the poem reveals depths of meaning which make it rich and particularly appealing to the reader. Langston Hughes skilfully uses structure, theme, vivid imagery and literary devices to enhance the effect of â€Å"Dreams.† The structure of the poem heightens the poem’s appeal. It consists of just a couple of complete sentences which are arranged in two short stanzas. Each stanza is in the form of four lines which are brief and to the point. This enables the reader to focus on the theme without any distraction. The focus remains completely on the importance of holding on to dreams. The poet uses simple vocabulary and the meaning of the poem is easy to grasp. There are no ambiguous words which puzzle the reader. This makes the tone of the poem very conversational. The everyday language generates an intimate tone and makes the reader particularly receptive to the poet’s voice. The reader feels that the poet is addressing him directly and immediately empathizes with the poet. The reader develops a sense of comradeship with the poet. The rhyming scheme is another aspect of the poem’s structure which holds the reader’s attention. The second and fourth lines of the two stanzas rhyme: â€Å"die† and â€Å"fly;† â€Å"go† and â€Å"snow.† The rhyme adds to the beauty of the poem’s sound and gives it a lyrical quality. The first and fourth lines are unrhymed and make an effective contrast which heightens the rhyme of the other lines. The absence of punctuation is another characteristic of the structure which heightens the effect of the poem. This makes the structure very stark and compelling. Each line flows into the next and contributes to the easy reading of the poem. The poem’s structure demonstrates strong repetition. There is repetition in structure and repetition in words. The two stanzas follow the same pattern. The structure of the first stanza is repeated in the second stanza: both stanzas begin with the poet’s urging to hold on to dreams and both go on to give the details of what would happen if this is not done. By repeating the words â€Å"Hold fast to dreams,† (Hughes, 1) in the second stanza, the poet emphasizes the importance of not letting go of one’s dreams and gives his warning an air of urgency. Again, the two stanzas show a repetition of structure in the lines â€Å"Life is a broken-winged bird† (3) and â€Å"Life is a barren field† (7). Here, the repetition is used for emphasis and the adverse consequences of losing one’s dreams is clearly stated. The theme of the poem is something which every reader can identify with. Dreams are a part of every individual’s life. The vast majority of humanity starts out with many goals and aspirations. As life goes on, obstacles and sorrows are met and many of these dreams remain mere fantasy or die. They cannot be translated into reality. There soon co mes a time when hopelessness envelops the soul. There is a tendency to give up on dreams and accept that they are beyond reach. The poet speaks to the many readers whose dreams are yet to be realized. By urging them to â€Å"Hold fast to dreams,† the poet implies that dreams can easily slip away unless they are tightly held on to. It is comforting to know that everyone finds it difficult to keep a grip on their dreams. The vivid imagery of the poem captures the imagination of the reader. The poem makes the reader actually visualize the tragic consequences of letting go of

Sunday, October 6, 2019

Analysis of the text The Prince by Machiavelli Essay

Analysis of the text The Prince by Machiavelli - Essay Example Firstly, the theorist identifies types of principalities, which he believes existed during the time. These principalities include those acquired through inheritance, mixed principalities, which are those annexed into pre-existing territories, new principalities and ecclesiastical principalities, which are under Papal States and ruled by the church (Machiavelli 84). Further, the types of armies that can maintain the reign of a prince are also highlighted with the author also highlighting how the prince can use these armies to his advantage given the risk that each might have on the preservation of power. Based on his analysis of the past and situation prevailing at the time of his authorship, Machiavelli presents Lorenzo de Medici prince of Florence with a well-thought-out plan of how he could reverse the political situation in Italy. The advice aimed at elevating the position of Italy amid continued conflict between powerful city-states such as, Milan, Naples, Venice, Florence, and those who had sworn allegiance towards authority such as the Papacy, Spain, France and the Holy Roman Empire. The situation resulted cities positioning themselves for protection and domination over the others leading to blackmails, violence and heightened political intrigues that occasioned Machiavelli’s quest for Italian unity and end of foreign intervention into local affairs. This essay presents an analysis of ideas presented by Machiavelli in The Prince in order to gain a perspective on his understanding of the political situation in renaissance Italy. The Prince focuses on the issue of power and how to preserve it by firstly highlighting the different types of governments, or what Machiavelli refers to as principalities. Machiavelli accepts the existence of governments established as either monarchies or republics; his focus is on the former. However, what I perceive as the most controversial is Machiavelli’s concept of what it takes

Saturday, October 5, 2019

Computational Phylogenetic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Computational Phylogenetic - Essay Example Using the resulting â€Å"neighbor.outtree† generated as your answer in Question 2, generate the corresponding dendrogram using the â€Å"drawgram† program found at the MOBYLE Portal under phylogeny/display. Keep all program parameters set to default except for the â€Å"Drawgram options† parameter; you will need to change this parameter to a file type you can visualize on your computer (e.g., Windows – BitMap). Copy/Paste the resulting image as your answer. Using the resulting â€Å"dnapars.outtree† generated as your answer in Question 4, generate the corresponding dendrogram using the â€Å"drawtree† program found at the MOBYLE Portal under phylogeny/display. Keep all program parameters set to default except for the â€Å"Drawtree Options† parameter; you will need to change this parameter to a file type you can visualize on your computer (e.g., Windows – BitMap). Copy/Paste the resulting image as your answer. Run the â€Å"fitch† program found at the MOBYLE Portal under phylogeny/distance. Keep all program parameters set to default except for the parameter you will need to change to run â€Å"Minimum Evolution† instead of â€Å"Fitch-Margoliash†. Copy/Paste the resulting â€Å"fitch.outtree† as your answer. Using the resulting â€Å"fitch.outtree† generated as your answer in Question 6, generate the corresponding dendrogram using the â€Å"drawtree† program found at the MOBYLE Portal under phylogeny/display. Keep all program parameters set to default except for the â€Å"Drawtree Options† parameter; you will need to change this parameter to a file type you can visualize on your computer (e.g., Windows – BitMap). Copy/Paste the resulting image as your