English assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

English assessment - Essay Example cording to Garrison and Ehringhaus, relying on one of the two procedures more may lead to students’ needs becoming unclear since one form of assessment cannot provide a full picture of the situation. Summative assessment is used to evaluate certain students’ needs, and usually has a form of tests, semester exams, end of unit or end of chapter tests, etc. (Gao, 2002). Bloom, Hastings and Madhaus (1971) define summative assessment as evaluation conducted at the ends of certain periods of time in order to judge the sufficiency of students’ knowledge. Such an assessment is to define the final grade of the students, as well as help educators to make corrections and adjustment in the current curriculum, where needed, in order for the learning needs to be met in future. At the same time a summative assessment cannot reflect the efficiency of teaching in its process because assessment is carried out only after the instruction – so any curriculum or methodological improvements can be implemented in future practice only. Therefore, formative assessment is the one to evaluate the process of learning in its process, and, consequently, is a part of the teaching process. Incorporated into the educational process, it is to discover gaps and adjust both teaching and learning processes to the students’ needs immediately in the process of learning. Besides, such an approach enables educators to raise the learning standards (Black & Wiliam, 1998) right in the process of teaching: having evaluated the current needs of each individual student, including those with lower abilities, a teacher can address them immediately. The information provided by formative assessment is to be used for modifying the teaching and learning activities in the classroom in order to get the best possible learning results (Black & William, 1998). This idea is also supported by Fennell & Maccoll (1983), who point out that formative assessment is important and useful for getting feedback on

Historia Electronica Preface, Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Historia Electronica Preface, - Essay Example However, all this is missed out in electronica why so much of it is characterized by naà ¯ve melodies that resemble chimes of a music-box. In electronica, the pigment is more essential that the lines and therefore complicated melodies would definitely hinder the materiality of the original sound. Due to the recent technology which includes the use of computers to serve the purpose of the guitar and digital signal processing, allow an outstanding display of timbral colors. In electronic music dance, every element functions as both rhythm and texture. On the other hand, melody is presented as simple, little vamps that function as rhythmic cogs which interlock, resulting to a groove. Drums patterns are mostly experienced in electronica music dance and the rhythmic subdivisions become more complex overtime. Electronic music dance portrays the aspect of being lost in music. People are carried away by the rhythmic sound as they are meditatively engaged in the sonic events that infuse more. Drug imagery comes out as a central aspect in electronic imagination, and this enumerates the loss of ego that makes one to be overwhelmed. In the hierarchy of senses, sight which is mostly privileged is overthrown as hearing is considered the most superior sense. This notion provides a good reason as to why light is not preferred in warehouse raves. The impression created out of this is that when visual is diminished, sound becomes more vivid. The audio-tactile which is a vibrational continuum acts as the amplifier and literally obscures retinal perception. The culture of the dance is about participation while the video is about spectatorship. If the club is more underground, it is likely to experience less visual distractions as there is less to be seen and the scene is more hardcore in electronic mu sic dance. Electronic dance music is closely connected to the drug culture. Even when the music is not meant to enhance drugs, it relays drug-like